Catalogue of alien
plants of the Czech Republic (2nd edition):
checklist update, taxonomic
diversity and invasion patterns
Nepůvodní flóra České
republiky: aktualizace seznamu druhů, taxonomická diverzita a průběh invazí
Petr P y š e k1,2, Jiří D a n
i h e l k a1,3, Jiří S á d l o1, Jindřich C h r t e k Jr.1,4,
Milan C h y t r ý3, Vojtěch J
a r o š í k2,1, Zdeněk K a p l a n1, František K r a h u l e c1,
Lenka Mo r a v c o v á1, Jan
P e r g l1, Kateřina Š t a j e r o v á1,2 & Lubomír T i c h ý3
1Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech
Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice,
Czech Republic,
e-mail: pysek@ibot.cas.cz, chrtek@ibot.cas.cz, kaplan@ibot.cas.cz,
krahulec@ibot.cas.cz,
moravcova@ibot.cas.cz, pergl@ibot.cas.cz, stajerova@ibot.cas.cz;
2Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles
University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-
128 44 Prague, Czech
Republic, e-mail: jarosik@cesnet.cz; 3Department of Botany and
Zoology, Masaryk
University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic, e-mail:
danihel@sci.muni.cz,
chytry@sci.muni.cz, tichy@sci.muni.cz; 4Department of Botany,
Faculty of Science,
Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech
Republic
Pyšek P., Danihelka
J., Sádlo J., Chrtek J. Jr., Chytrý M., Jarošík V., Kaplan Z., Krahulec F.,
Moravcová L., Pergl
J., Štajerová K. & Tichý L. (2012): Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech
Republic (2nd
edition): checklist update, taxonomic diversity and invasion patterns. –
Preslia 84:
155–255.
A complete list of
all alien taxa ever recorded in the flora of the Czech Republic is presented as
an
update of the
original checklist published in 2002. New data accumulated in the last decade
are
incorporated and the
listing and status of some taxa are reassessed based on improved knowledge.
Alien flora of the
Czech Republic consists of 1454 taxa listed with information on their taxonomic
position, life
history, geographic origin (or mode of origin, distinguishing anecophyte and
hybrid),
invasive status
(casual; naturalized but not invasive; invasive), residence time status
(archaeophyte
vs neophyte), mode of
introduction into the country (accidental, deliberate), and date of the first
record. Additional
information on species performance that was not part of the previous catalogue,
i.e. on the width of
species’ habitat niches, their dominance in invaded communities, and impact, is
provided. The Czech
alien flora consists of 350 (24.1%) archaeophytes and 1104 (75.9%) neophytes.
The increase in the
total number of taxa compared to the previous catalogue (1378) is due to
addition of 151 taxa
and removal of 75 (39 archaeophytes and 36 neophytes), important part of the
latter being the
reclassification of 41 taxa as native, mostly based on archaeobotanical
evidence. The
additions represent
taxa newly recorded since 2002 and reported in the national literature; taxa
resulting from
investigation of sources omitted while preparing the previous catalogue;
redetermination of
previously reported taxa; reassessment of some taxa traditionally considered
native for which the
evidence suggests the opposite; and inclusion of intraspecific taxa previously
not recognized in the
flora. There are 44 taxa on the list that are reported in the present study for
the
first time as aliens
introduced to the Czech Republic or escaped from cultivation: Abies concolor,
A.
grandis, A. nordmanniana, Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana, A. ×vilis, Berberis julianae,
B.
thunbergii, Bidens ferulifolius, Buddleja alternifolia, Buglossoides incrassata subsp. splitgerberi,
Buxus
sempervirens, Corispermum declinatum, Cotoneaster dielsianus, C. divaricatus, Euphorbia
myrsinites, Gleditsia triacanthos, Helleborus orientalis, Hieracium
heldreichii, Koelreuteria paniculata,
Lonicera
periclymenum, Lotus ornithopodioides, Malus baccata, M. pumila, Miscanthus
sacchariflorus, Morus alba, Muscari armeniacum, Paeonia lactiflora, Pennisetum alopecuroides,
Pinguicula
crystallina subsp. hirtiflora, P. grandiflora subsp. rosea, Podophyllum hexandrum,
Pyracantha
coccinea, Rhodotypos scandens, Rumex patientia × R. tianschanicus ‘Uteuša’, Salix
cordata, Sarracenia purpurea, Sasa palmata ‘Nebulosa’, Scolymus maculatus, Spiraea japonica,
Tagetes tenuifolia, Thuja occidentalis, Trifolium badium, Vaccinium corymbosum
and Viburnum
rhytidophyllum. All added and deleted taxa are commented
on. Of the total number of taxa, 985 are
classified as casuals, 408 as naturalized
but not invasive, and 61 as invasive. The reduction in the
number of invasive taxa compared to the
previous catalogue is due to a more conservative approach
adopted here; only taxa that currently
spread are considered invasive. Casual taxa are strongly overrepresented
among neophytes compared to archaeophytes
(76.7% vs 39.4%), while naturalized but
non-invasive taxa follow the reversed
pattern (18.8% vs 57.4). However, these two groups do not
significantly differ in the proportion of
invasive taxa. Of introduced neophytes, 250 taxa (22.6%) are
considered vanished, i.e. no longer
present in the flora, while 23.3% became naturalized, and 4.5%
invasive. In addition to the traditional
classification based on introduction–naturalization–invasion
continuum, taxa were classified into 18
population groups based on their long-term trends in
metapopulation dynamics in the country,
current state of their populations, and link to the propagule
pressure from cultivation. Mapping these
population groups onto the unified framework for biological
invasions introduced by Blackburn et al.
in 2011 made it possible to quantify invasion failures,
and boom-and-busts, in the Czech alien
flora. Depending on inclusion criteria (whether or not
extinct/vanished taxa and hybrids are
considered), alien taxa ever recorded in the Czech Republic
contribute 29.7–33.1% to the total country’s
plant diversity; taking into account only naturalized
taxa, a permanent element of the country’s
flora, the figure is 14.4–17.5%. Analysis of the dates of
the first record, known for 771 neophytes,
indicates that alien taxa in the flora have been increasing
at a steady pace without any distinct
deceleration trend; by extrapolating this data to all 1104 neophytes
recorded it is predicted that the
projected number would reach 1264 in 2050. Deliberate
introduction was involved in 747 cases
(51.4%), the remaining 48.6% of taxa are assumed to have
arrived by unintentional pathways.
Archaeophytes are more abundant in landscapes, occupy on
average a wider range of habitat types
than neophytes, but reach a lower cover in plant communities.
The alien flora is further analysed with
respect to representation of genera and families, origin and
life history.
Ke y w o r d s: abundance, alien flora,
checklist, casual, cover in plant communities, Czech Republic,
exotic species, geographic origin, habitat
niche, hybridization, impact, introduction–naturalization–
invasion continuum, invasive plants, life
history, naturalized, non-native species, residence
time, taxonomy
Source: http://www.preslia.cz/P122Pysek.pdf
