Botany Journals

Botany Journals

Abhandlungen im Verlag der Gesellschaft in Österreich, Die
Abstracta Botanica
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil and Plant Science
Acta agriculturae Slovenica
Acta Agrobotanica
Acta Amazonica
Acta Amazonica
Acta Amazonica
Acta amazonica
Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica
Acta Biológica Colombiana
Acta Biológica Colombiana
ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica
Acta biologica Cracoviensia. Series botanica
ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
Acta Biologica Szegediensis
Acta Biologica Szegediensis
Acta Biologica Szegediensis
Acta Biologica Szegediensis
Acta Biologica Szegediensis
Acta Biotheoretica
Acta Borealia
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Acta botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Acta Botanica Austro Sinica
Acta Botanica Austro Sinica
Acta Botanica Barcinonensia
Acta Botanica Barcinonensia
Acta Botanica Barcinonensia
Acta Botanica Barcinonensia
Acta Botanica Barcinonensia
Acta Botanica Barcinonensia
Acta Botanica Barcinonensia
Acta Botanica Brasilica
Acta Botanica Brasilica
Acta Botanica Brasilica
Acta Botanica Brasilica
Acta Botanica Brasilica
Acta Botanica Brasilica
Acta Botanica Brasilica
Acta Botanica Brasilica
Acta Botanica Croatica
Acta Botanica Croatica
Acta botanica Croatica
Acta Botanica Croatica
ACTA BOTANICA CROATICA
Acta Botanica Croatica
Acta Botanica Croatica
Acta Botanica Croatica
Acta Botánica Cubana
Acta Botánica Cubana
Acta Botánica Cubana
Acta Botánica Cubana
Acta Botánica Cubana
Acta Botánica Cubana
Acta Botanica Fennica
Acta Botanica Fennica
Acta Botanica Gallica
Acta botanica Horti Bucurestiensis
Acta Botanica Horti Bucurestiensis
Acta botanica Horti Bucurestiensis
Acta Botanica Horti Bucurestiensis
Acta Botanica Horti Bucurestiensis
Acta Botanica Hungarica
Acta Botanica Hungarica
Acta Botanica Hungarica
ACTA BOTANICA INDICA
Acta Botanica Indica
Acta Botanica Indica
Acta Botanica Indica
Acta botanica Indica
Acta botanica Instituti Botanici Universitatis Zagrebiensis
Acta botanica Instituti Botanici Universitatis Zagrebiensis
Acta botanica Instituti Botanici Universitatis Zagrebiensis
Acta Botanica Islandica
Acta Botanica Islandica
Acta Botanica Islandica
Acta Botanica Malacitana
Acta Botanica Malacitana
Acta botánica malacitana
Acta Botanica Malacitana
Acta Botánica Mexicana
Acta Botánica Mexicana
Acta botánica mexicana
ACTA BOTANICA MEXICANA
Acta Botanica Mexicana
Acta Botanica Mexicana
Acta Botánica Mexicana
Acta Botánica Mexicana
Acta Botanica Mexicana
Acta Botanica Mexicana
Acta botanica Neerlandica
Acta botanica Neerlandica
Acta botanica Neerlandica
Acta Botanica Neerlandica
Acta botanica neerlandica
ACTA BOTANICA NEERLANDICA
Acta Botanica Sinica
Acta Botanica Sinica
Acta Botanica Slovaca Academiae Scientiarum Slovacae
Acta botanica Slovaca Academiae Scientiarum Slovacae
Acta botanica Slovaca Academiae Scientiarum Slovacae
Acta botanica Slovaca
Acta botanica Taiwanica
Acta Botanica Taiwanica
Acta Botanica Taiwanica
Acta botanica Taiwanica
Acta botanica Taiwanica
Acta botanica Universitatis Tartuensis
Acta botanica Universitatis Tartuensis
ACTA BOTÁNICA VENEZUELICA
Acta Botánica Venezuelica
Acta Botanica Venezuelica
Acta Botánica Venezuelica
Acta Botanica Venezuelica
Acta Botanica Yunnanica
Acta Botanica Yunnanica
Acta Botanica Yunnanica
Acta botanica Yunnanica
Acta Botanica Yunnanica (ABY)
Acta Botanica Yunnanica
Acta Botanica Yunnanica
Acta Instituti Botanici Academiae Scientiarum Slovacae
Acta Instituti et Horti Botanici Universitatis Tartuensis
ACTA HORTI BOTANICI BUCURESTIENSIS
Acta Horti Botanici Bucurestiensis
Advances in Bio Research
Advances in Botanical Research
American Journal of Botany
Annales Botanici Fennici 
Annual Review of Plant Biology
Botanica Serbica
BOTANICA SERBICA
Plant Diversity and Resources (formerly Acta Botanica Yunnanica or ABY)

Stalking the Wild Tomato: The Ethnobotany of Genetically Modified Crops

Stalking the Wild Tomato: The Ethnobotany of Genetically Modified Crops

In a place where population growth is moving incredibly fast, added pressure on farmers in India in the wake of crushing debt and failed crops calls for a new agricultural approach. Genetic modification and organic farming present promising solutions. Young Explorer Andrew Flachs will investigate the effect of both growing strategies by interviewing farmers in Southern India.

Herbaria: Antonius Münchenbergs Herbarium vivum

Herbaria: Antonius Münchenbergs Herbarium vivum: Antonius Münchenbergs Herbarium vivum Naturhistoriska riksmuseet The oldest dated collection of plants at the Swedish Museum of Natura...

4. The Living Planet - Jungle

Broadcast 16 February 1984, this episode is devoted to the jungles of the tropics. Attenborough ascends a kapok in the South American tropical rainforest to observe "the greatest proliferation of life that you can find anywhere on Earth." There are two main causes for this: warmth and wetness. As this climate is constant, there are no seasons, so trees vary greatly in their flowering cycles. However, each species does so at the same time and, because of the lack of wind, relies on birds and insects for pollination. Bromeliads have their own population of visitors, largely due to their chalice-like rosettes of leaves that hold water. This is used by some for drinking, or, as in the case of the poison dart frog, for depositing tadpoles. Attenborough also highlights those species that have perfected the art of camouflage, including phasmids. The most densely populated part of the jungle is in its uppermost reaches. Around half-way down, there is little life, apart from those that inhabit nest holes, such as macaws, or use the trunks and lianas to aid movement. The jungle floor is not very fertile as the rain washes away any nutriment from the soil. Tree roots therefore rely on a kind of compost formed from decaying leaves — a process that is greatly accelerated in the natural humidity. After a tropical storm, an aged kapok comes crashing to the ground, leaving a gap in the canopy above. The process of renewal then begins as saplings race to fill the space created

THE SECRET WORLD OF THE PLANTS

The secret world of plants gets us closer to these motionless and quiet creatures, so attractive and surprising as the rest of the living creatures. 

The documentary reveals the most unknown aspects of the vegetable kingdom. We will learn about the secret of the eternal youth of a 3500 years old sequoia and be charmed by the 'rafflesia arnoldi' flowers, able to reach up to one meter of diameter. An exhaustive journey through the world of plants, from its domain over humid areas in mangrove covers, where they are able to live inside the water, to the most arid spots, conquered by the 'Welwitzia mirabilis', whose leaves reach up to six meter length .

Evidence plants communicate via underground fungal networks

Rog Wood

Farming correspond

ent

PLANTS use underground fungal networks to warn their neighbours of aphid attack, according to researchers.

The study, published this week in Ecology Letters, is the first to reveal plants' ability to communicate underground in this way.

The research changes our understanding of the ways in which living things interact with one another. If crops can be managed in a way that exploits this natural communication channel, it could provide a new weapon in the battle against insect pests.

Scientists from Aberdeen University, the James Hutton Institute and Rothamsted Research grew the bean plant in groups of five. They allowed three in each group to grow underground networks of mycelia – a thread-like fungus that grows from one set of roots to another. They kept the two remaining plants free of the fungal links.

They then infested one plant in each group with aphids, triggering the release of chemicals to repel aphids but attract wasps, one of the aphid's predators.

Remarkably, plants which were not under attack themselves, but were connected to the victim by the underground fungal network, also began to produce the defensive chemical response. Unconnected plants did not mount a chemical defence. Researchers covered the plants with bags to rule out above-ground signalling.

Dr David Johnson, of Aberdeen University, who led the study, said: "We knew that plants produce volatile chemicals when attacked, and we knew they communicate danger to each other above ground. Now we know they communicate danger through these underground fungal networks as well.

"We don't quite know the mechanism, but it's likely to be a chemical signal. Our understanding of ecological systems has not considered the fact that plants are interconnected in this way. It could have major implications for our understanding of how one organism affects another."

The roots of virtually all groups of plants, including important food crops such as wheat, rice, maize and barley, are colonised by symbiotic fungi.

United Auctions sold 1088 store heifers at Stirling on Wednesday to a top of 274.1p per kg and an average of 215.7p (+1.8p on the week), while 1228 store bullocks peaked at 276.1p and levelled at 231.3p (-0.5p). Some 101 store, B&W bullocks sold to 207.3p and averaged 170.7p, while 142 young bulls peaked at 262.5p and levelled at 200.7p.

In the rough ring, 177 cows averaged 140.8p.

Source:Evidence plants communicate via underground fungal networks

Photo by A. Jorjadze

3. The Living Planet - The Northern Forests.avi

Broadcast 2 February 1984, the next instalment examines the northern coniferous forests. The programme begins in northern Norway, 500 kilometres north of the Arctic Circle. Here, there is only just enough light for the pine trees to survive, but it is extremely cold during the winter. Pine cone seeds provide one of the few foods available at this time of year, and large herbivores such as the moose must also rely on their fat reserves. However, there are predators, including lynxes, wolverines and eagle owls. The coniferous forest grows in a belt right around the globe, some 1,900 kilometres across at its widest. On each continent, many migratory animals arrive in the spring, and even more during the summer. In years when the vole population is high, the numbers of their main predator, the owls, increase correspondingly and spread out. Further south, the warmer climate sees the pine trees give way to broad-leaved species, such as the oak and beech. More birds occupy the forest canopy during the summer than at any other time of year, feeding on a myriad of insects. At the onset of winter, many animals in these forests hibernate, and in America, Attenborough uncovers the den of a black bear, which can be asleep for six months at a time. Finally, further south still, Attenborough discovers the effects of forest fires, which are not so destructive as they appear — the areas affected rejuvenate themselves within a couple of months, with more flowers than before.

Plant Kingdom

This about kingdom of plant see how plants can communicate.plants eats insects.by David. And we provide safaris in Tanzania and Kenya for more visit http://jackalsafari.wix.com/tanzania

Fungus network 'plays role in plant communication'

Fungus network plays role in plant communication

Plants can communicate the onset of an attack from aphids by making use of an underground network of fungi, researchers have found.

Instances of plant communication through the air have been documented, in which chemicals emitted by a damaged plant can be picked up by a neighbour.

But below ground, most land plants are connected by fungi called mycorrhizae.

The new study, published in Ecology Letters, demonstrates clearly that these fungi also aid in communication.

It joins an established body of literature,recently reviewed in the Journal of Chemical Ecology and in Trends in Plant Science, which has suggested that the mycorrhizae can act as a kind of information network among plants.

Researchers from the University of Aberdeen, the James Hutton Institute and Rothamsted Research, all in the UK, devised a clever experiment to isolate the effects of these thread-like networks.

The team concerned themselves with aphids, tiny insects that feed on and damage plants.

Many plants have a chemical armoury that they deploy when aphids attack, with chemicals that both repel the aphids and attract parasitic wasps that are aphids' natural predators.

The team grew sets of five broad bean plants, allowing three in each group to develop mycorrhizal networks, and preventing the networks' growth in the other two.

To prevent any through-the-air chemical communication, the plants were covered with bags.

As the researchers allowed single plants in the sets to be infested with aphids, they found that if the infested plant was connected to another by the mycorrhizae, the un-infested plant began to mount its chemical defence.

Mycorrhizae are mutualistic - they both need and are needed by the plants whose roots they inhabit

Those unconnected by the networks appeared not to receive the signal of attack, and showed no chemical response.

"Mycorrhizal fungi need to get [products of photosynthesis] from the plant, and they have to do something for the plant," explained John Pickett of Rothamsted Research.

"In the past, we thought of them making nutrients available from the [roots and soil], but now we see another evolutionary role for them in which they pay the plant back by transmitting the signal efficiently," he told BBC News.

Prof Pickett expressed his "abject surprise that it was just so powerful - just such a fantastic signalling system".

The finding could be put to use in many crops that suffer aphid damage, by arranging for a particular, "sacrificial" plant to be more susceptible to aphid infestation, so that when aphids threaten, the network can provide advance notice for the rest of the crop.

"Now we've got a chance in a really robust manner of switching on the defence when it is needed - not straining the plant to do it all the time - and to reduce the development of resistance (of the aphids to the plants' defences)," Prof Pickett said.

Some strains of wheat have been genetically modified specifically to resist the aphid threat

Fungus network plays role in plant communication

Source:bbc.co.uk 

Fungi The Rotten World About Us 1980

Secret life of fungi: What DNA sequencing reveals about fungi.

Plants Use Underground 'Fungal Internet' to Communicate

by Jeffrey Tomkins, Ph.D. *

Researchers have just documented how plants use underground fungal networks to warn neighboring plants of impending insect attack, uniquely illustrating the complex and highly designed interconnected cooperation found in nature.

The research study—just published in the July, 2013 issue of Ecology Letters—is the first such report that confirms and reveals how plants have uniquely co-designed physiologies that internetwork with other plants using an underground fungus as an information conduit.1 This amazing and intricate system allows the plants to readily and effectively communicate as a community, like a natural biological internet.

Prior to this study, scientists were aware that mutually beneficial relationships existed between plants and certain fungi that colonize the soil surrounding the plants' root systems. These beneficial soil microorganisms are called "mycorrhizal fungi" and are known to promote overall plant growth and help them cope with insect attacks, pathogens, and drought stress.1 In fact, scientists had been aware of the possibility that mycorrhizal fungi could enable plants growing together in close groups to signal and prime each other's chemical defense systems in response to attacks by insects.2

In a paper published just last year, scientists proposed the idea that this communication occurs through the release and detection of information-carrying chemicals that traverse the soil matrix through mycorrhizal networks that work like information superhighways directly connecting plants below ground.3 This is accomplished because the thread-like fungus grows underground, producing strands called mycelia that connect one set of roots to another. Now this research hypothesis has been spectacularly confirmed.

In this new study, the scientists grew multiple sets of bean plants in communal groups of five individuals. They allowed three plants in each group to access the soil that contained the underground networks of connected fungal mycelia. As a control measure, researchers kept the two remaining plants in each group separated from fungal connections in the soil. The researchers then infested one plant in each group with aphids (a piercing, sucking insect), which triggered the release of plant chemicals that repel aphids and attract wasps, one of the aphid's predators.

Amazingly, the plants that were not under insect attack themselves, but connected to a victimized plant by the underground fungal network, began to produce a defensive chemical response in their cells. The plants not connected to the fungal network did not activate their chemical defense systems. As an extra control measure, the researchers also covered the plants with bags to rule out above-ground signaling that could possibly occur through air-borne chemical signals sensed in their leaves. Because of the carefully controlled conditions, the signals that caused this community defense response were found to be transmitted through the fungal network.

The lead researcher in the study, Dr. David Johnson, stated, "We knew that plants produce volatile chemicals when attacked, and we knew they communicate danger to each other above ground. Now we know they communicate danger through these underground fungal networks as well."4

The root systems of many types of agricultural plants studied to date—which not only include beans, but also grasses like wheat, rice, maize and barley—exhibit these types of mycorrhizal fungi interactions. Undoubtedly this amazing interconnected relationship also occurs out in nature given the fact that the plants we use in agriculture have been domesticated from the wild.

Evolutionists are hard-pressed to explain how complex, cooperative networks between completely different types of organisms such as these could have come about through Darwinian evolution—particularly when they involve dynamic biochemical networks of interaction in two separate types of organisms. Instead, this is clear evidence for intelligent design by an omnipotent and wise Creator.

References

1. Babikova, Z. et al. 2013. Underground signals carried through common mycelial networks warn neighbouring plants of aphid attack. Ecology Letters.16 (7): 835–843.
2. Jung, S.C., et al. 2012. Mycorrhiza-Induced Resistance and Priming of Plant Defenses. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 38 (6): 651-664.
3. Barto, E.K. et al. 2012. Fungal superhighways: do common mycorrhizal networks enhance below ground communication?Trends in Plant Science. 17 (11): 633–637.
4. Evidence plants communicate via underground fungal networks. The Herald Scotland. Posted on heraldscotland.com on May 10, 2013, accessed on July 26, 2013.

Image credit: Copyright © Brundrett et al. 1985, Brundrett & Kendrick 1988, Brundrett et al. 1996. Adapted for use in accordance with federal copyright (fair use doctrine) law. Usage by ICR does not imply endorsement of copyright holders.

* Dr. Tomkins is Research Associate at the Institute for Creation Research and received his Ph.D. in Genetics from Clemson University.

Article posted on August 5, 2013.

Source: Plants Use Underground 'Fungal Internet' to Communicate

Photo by A. Jorjadze

BBC How Plants Communicate & Think — Amazing Nature Documentary